ARTICLE 6. Interest and Penalties

(Article 6 added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 1040.)

30281. (a) Any person who fails to pay any tax, except a tax determined by the board under Article 2 (commencing with Section 30201) or Article 3 (commencing with Section 30221), within the time required shall pay a penalty of 10 percent of the amount of the tax, in addition to the tax, plus interest at the modified adjusted rate per month, or fraction thereof, established pursuant to Section 6591.5, from the date on which the tax became due and payable until the date of payment.
(b) Any person who fails to file a return in accordance with the due date set forth in Section 30181 or Section 30183, shall pay a penalty of 10 percent of the amount of the tax with respect to the period for which the return is required.
(c) The penalties imposed by this section shall be limited to a maximum of 10 percent of the tax for which the return is required for any one return.
History.—Stats. 1975, Ch. 661, operative to interest accruing on or after January 1, 1976, substituted "1 percent" for "one-half of 1 percent." Stats. 1982, Ch. 5, First Extra Session, in effect May 27, 1982, substituted "(commencing … 30221)" for "or 3" after "Article 2" and "adjusted … 19269" for "rate … thereof" before "from." Stats. 1984, Ch. 1020, effective January 1, 1985, operative July 1, 1985, deleted "of this chapter" before "within the time," substituted "modified … thereof" for "adjusted annual rate," substituted "Section 6591.5" for "Section 19269." Stats. 2000, Ch. 923 (AB 2894), in effect January 1, 2001, added subdivision letter designation (a) before the former sole paragraph, and added subdivisions (b) and (c).

30281.5. .(a) If the board finds, taking into account all facts and circumstances, that it is inequitable to compute interest at the modified adjusted rate per month or fraction thereof, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 6591.5, interest shall be computed at the modified adjusted daily rate from the date on which the tax was due until the date of payment, if all of the following occur:
(1) The payment of tax was made one business day after the date the tax was due.
(2) The person was granted relief from all penalties that applied to that payment of tax.
(3) The person files a request for an oral hearing before the board.
(b) For purposes of this section, "modified adjusted daily rate" means the modified adjusted rate per annum as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 6591.5 determined on a daily basis by dividing the modified adjusted rate per annum by 365.
(c) For purposes of this section, "board" means the members of the State Board of Equalization meeting as a public body.
(d) For purposes of this section, "business day" means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or any day designated as a state holiday.
(e) This section shall not apply to any payment made pursuant to a deficiency determination, a determination where no report or return has been filed, or a jeopardy determination issued by the board.
(f) This section shall only apply to electronic payments of taxes.
History.—Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 264 (AB 2201), in effect January 1, 2017.
Note.—SEC. 1. of Stats. 2010, Ch. 316 (SB 1028), in effect January 1, 2011, states: "It is the intent of the Legislature that California's penalty and interest provisions foster and maintain the current high level of compliance, provide appropriate costs and sanctions for noncompliance, and provide a reasonable and administrable degree of latitude for individual taxpayer circumstances and errors. It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this act, that the State Board of Equalization strictly and narrowly apply its provisions on a case-by-case basis and only in special circumstances.

30282. (a) If the board finds that a person's failure to make a timely report or payment is due to reasonable cause and circumstances beyond the person's control, and occurred notwithstanding the exercise of ordinary care and in the absence of willful neglect, the person may be relieved of the penalty provided by Sections 30171, 30190, 30221, 30264, and 30281.
(b) Except as provided in subdivision (c), any person seeking to be relieved of the penalty shall file with the board a statement under penalty of perjury setting forth the facts upon which he or she bases his or her claim for relief.
(c) The board shall establish criteria that provide for efficient resolution of requests for relief pursuant to this section.
History.—Added by Stats. 1968, p. 1414, in effect November 13, 1968. Stats. 1989, Ch. 768, in effect January 1, 1990, added "30264" after "30221" in first paragraph, and added "or she" after "he" and "or her" after "him" in second paragraph. Stats. 2000, Ch. 1052 (AB 2898), in effect January 1, 2001, added subdivision letter designation (a) before first paragraph, added "30190," after "Sections 30171," in subdivision (a); added subdivision letter designation (b) before second paragraph, substituted "Except as provided in subdivision (c), any" for "Any" before "person seeking to be relieved" in the first sentence of subdivision (b); and added subdivision (c)

30283. If the board finds that a person's failure to make a timely return or payment was due to a disaster, and occurred notwithstanding the exercise of ordinary care and the absence of willful neglect, the person may be relieved of the interest provided by Sections 30171, 30185, 30190, 30223, and 30281.Any person seeking to be relieved of the interest shall file with the board a statement under penalty of perjury setting forth the facts upon which he or she bases his or her claim for relief.
History.—Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 947, in effect January 1, 1982. Stats. 2000, Ch. 923 (AB 2894), in effect January 1, 2001, added "30190" after "Sections 30185" in the first paragraph; added "or she" after "upon which he" and added "or her" after "bases his" in the second paragraph. Stats. 2005, Ch. 519 (AB 1765), in effect October 4, 2005, but operative January 1, 2006, added "30171" after "interest provided by Sections" in the first paragraph

30283.5. (a) If the board finds that a person's failure to make a timely report, return, or payment is due to the person's reasonable reliance on written advice from the board, the person may be relieved of the taxes imposed by this part and any penalty or interest thereto.
(b) For purposes of this section, a person's failure to make a timely report, return, or payment shall be considered to be due to reasonable reliance on written advice from the board, only if the board finds that all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) The person requested in writing that the board advise him or her whether a particular activity or transaction is subject to tax under this part. The specific facts and circumstances of the activity or transaction shall be fully described in the request.
(2) The board responded in writing to the person regarding the written request for advice, stating whether or not the described activity or transaction is subject to tax, or stating the conditions under which the activity or transaction is subject to tax.
(3) The liability for taxes applied to a particular activity or transaction which occurred before either of the following:
(A) Before the board rescinded or modified the advice so given, by sending written notice to the person of the rescinded or modified advice.
(B) Before a change in statutory or constitutional law, a change in the board's regulations, or a final decision of a court, which renders the board's earlier written advice no longer valid.
(c) Any person seeking relief under this section shall file with the board all of the following:
(1) A copy of the person's written request to the board and a copy of the board's written advice. (2) A statement under penalty of perjury setting forth the facts on which the claim for relief is based.
(3) Any other information which the board may require.
(d) Only the person making the written request shall be entitled to rely on the board's written advice to that person.
History.—Added by Stats. 1990, Ch. 987, in effect January 1, 1991.

30285. (a) Under regulations prescribed by the board, if:
(1) A tax liability under this part was understated by a failure to file a return or report, or both, required to be filed under this part, by the omission of an amount properly includable therein, or by erroneous deductions or credits claimed on a return or report, or both, and the understatement of tax liability is attributable to one spouse; or any amount of the tax reported on a return or report, or both, was unpaid and the nonpayment of the reported tax liability is attributable to one spouse.
(2) The other spouse establishes that he or she did not know of, and had no reason to know of, that understatement or nonpayment.
(3) Taking into account whether or not the other spouse significantly benefited directly or indirectly from the understatement or the nonpayment and taking into account all other facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other spouse liable for the deficiency in tax attributable to that understatement or nonpayment, then the other spouse shall be relieved of liability for tax (including interest, penalties, and other amounts) to the extent that the liability is attributable to that understatement or nonpayment of tax.
(b) For purposes of this section, the determination of the spouse to whom items of understatement or nonpayment are attributable shall be made without regard to community property laws.
(c) This section shall apply to all calendar months subject to the provisions of this part, but shall not apply to any calendar month that is more than five years from the final date on the board- issued determination, five years from the return or report due date for nonpayment on a return or report, or one year from the first contact with the spouse making a claim under this section; or that has been closed by res judicata, whichever is later.
(d) For purposes of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), "reason to know" means whether or not a reasonably prudent person would have had reason to know of the understatement or nonpayment.
(e) For purposes of this section, with respect to a failure to file a return or report, or both, or an omission of an item from the return or report, or both, "attributable to one spouse" may be determined by whether a spouse rendered substantial service as a distributor of cigarettes or tobacco products or who sells or accepts orders for cigarettes or tobacco products to be transported to a consumer in this state from somewhere out of this state to which the understatement is attributable. If neither spouse rendered substantial services as a distributor, then the attribution of applicable items of understatement shall be treated as community property. An erroneous deduction or credit shall be attributable to the spouse who caused that deduction or credit to be entered on the return or report, or both.
(f) Under procedures prescribed by the board, if, taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other spouse liable for any unpaid tax or any deficiency (or any portion of either) attributable to any item for which relief is not available under subdivision (a), the board may relieve the other spouse of that liability.
(g) For purposes of this section, registered domestic partners, as defined in Section 297 of the Family Code, have the same rights, protections, and benefits as provided by this section, and are subject to the same responsibilities, obligations, and duties as imposed by this section, as are granted to and imposed upon spouses.
(h) The relief provided by this section shall apply retroactively to liabilities arising prior to the effective date of this section.
History.—Added by Stats. 2007, Ch. 342 (AB 1748), in effect January 1, 2008